Acids bases and Salts notes ICSE class 10 chemistry notes - Preparation of acids

 Acids bases and Salts notes ICSE class 10 chemistry notes

Preparation of acids:

Preparations of acids:

1.      From non-metals :

H₂ + Cl₂  -->  2HCl

2.      By dissolving  Non-metallic oxides (acidic oxides) in water

CO₂ + H₂O -->   H₂CO₃

SO₂ + H₂O -->   H₂SO₃

 

3.      By heating salts with non-volatile acids:

NaCl  + Conc. H₂SO₄     --> HCl + NaHSO₄

            Non-volatile acid

 

4.      Oxidation of non-metals with strong oxidizing agents:

             S +    6HNO₃    -->  H₂SO₄ + 2H₂O + 6NO₂

                  Oxidizing        Sulphuric

                       agent              acid

Reactions of acids

1.      Neutralization : Acids react with bases to give salt and water.

HCl + NaOH -->NaCl + H₂O

H₂SO₄  + CuO  -->CuSO₄ + H₂O

 

2.      Dilute acids react with –

i) active metals to produce Hydrogen gas and corresponding salts.

           Zn + 2HCl -->ZnCl₂ + H₂

           H₂SO₄ + Fe -->FeSO₄ + H₂

ii) metal carbonates and bicarbonates to give Carbon dioxide

           2HCl + Na₂CO₃ --> 2NaCl + CO₂ + H₂O

iii) metal sulphites to give Sulphur dioxide gas

           2HCl + Na₂SO₃ --> 2NaCl + SO₂ + H₂O

 

iv) metal sulphides to give Hydrogen sulphide gas.

           2HCl + Na₂S -->2NaCl + H₂S

 

3.      Less volatile or non-volatile acids react with salts to give volatile acids.

NaCl  +    Conc. H₂SO₄     --> HCl + NaHSO₄

               Non-volatile acid

NaNO₃  +   Conc. H₂SO_{4     -->} HNO₃ + NaHSO₄

                 Non-volatile acid